Half to johann kokn



2 Sheets-'Sheet 1.

. .al Wal Patented Apr. 26, 1898.

.DUPPBL (No Model.)

PETROLEUM LAMP POB. INCANDESGENT LIGHTS` lib . 2 Shady-Sheet 2. DUPPEK.

PETROLEUM LAMP POR'INCANDESGENT LIGHTS.

(No Model.)

VPautened Apr. 26,1898.

ma cams Ferns co. vwowuwo.. wAsulnsron. D. c,

UNITED STATES" PATENT trios.

ARTHUR DUFFEK, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TO JOHANN KOHN, OF SAME PLACE.

PETROLEUM-LAMP FOR INCANDESCENT LIGHTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 602,900, dated April 26, 1898.

Application filed April 15, 1897.

To tu whom it may concern..-

Beit known that I, ARTHUR DUFFEK, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, in the Province of Lower Austria, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary,

have invented certain new and useful Im-' proveniente in Petroleum-Lamps for Incandescent Lights; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters and figures of reference marked thereon,

which form a part of this specification.

My invention has relation to incandescent lamps in which a liquid combustible, as petroleum or the like, is used.

Many attempts have been made to produce a liquid-fuel-consuming or Wick lamp capable of producing sufficient heat to bring an incandescible refractory body to a state of incandescence. S0 far as I ain aware and so far as I have any knowledge of such lamps they are practically useless on account of the danger of explosion to which they are liable on account of the practical impossibility of developing sufficient heat to bring the Whole of the incandescible body to a state of incandescence and maintain it in such state, and essentially because of the impossibility of 0btaining that intimate admixture of air with the gasified fuel necessary to perfect combustion.

For a lamp of the kind under consideration to be effective and produce the desired results it is essential that the construction should be such that the illuminating-dame, which cannot produce suiicient heat to bring the refractory bodies (mantles or hoods) generally used on incandescent gas-burners to a state of incandescence, can be converted at will into a heating-flame, (blue fiame,) and vice Y versa, and it is also essential that this change should be effected under such conditions of combustion as not to result in' smoke. It is also essential that the volume of the mixture of gasified combustible and air should be proportioned to the surface of the incandescible body vand that the admixture should take Serial No. 632,305. (No model.)

place at the proper point and substantially at a constant temperature, Without thereby affecting or interfering with the speed of flow of the gases. Hence in order that a liquidfuel-consuming lamp may become practicable for use as an incandescent lamp its constructionV must be such as to fulfil all the requirements s et forth, which is the object of this my invention, as will noviT be more fully described, referenoe being had to the drawings, wherein- Figure l is a vertical axial sectional View of a liquid-fuel-consuming lamp embodying the invention. Fig. la is a vertical axial section, drawn to an enlarged scale, of the Wick- -tube and a portion of the oil-fount. Fig. lb is a cross-section thereof and Figs. 2 to 7 are detail views, some of which show slight structural modications of the air-supply ducts and the air-deiiectors.

The lamp shown in Fig. l is a centraldraft lamp consisting of an oil reservoir or fount b, a central or axial draft-tube a, passing fluid-tight through said fount, said tube provided with or secured to a suitable stand or base c, open to the atmosphere and provided with suitable feet o' to afford free access to the ambiant air, a Wick-tube, a gallery G, an incandescible hood or mantle M, a chimney, and a suitable support for said devices.

As more clearly shown in Figs. l"l and l1', the wick-tube is formed by the central drafttube o and a concentric tube o?, secured to a base-ring A, from which the gallery G is supported, said base-ring being, as usual, secured fluid-tight to the fount and carrying the usual Wick-raising appliance. The central draft-tube o. is constructed with longitudinal capillary channels or corrugations t, that extend from different points or levels Within the fount b, as shown at 2 3, dac. nearly to its upper end.

The object of the capillary channels 2, 3, and et is to provide an ample supply of oil to the Wick at all times, and inasmuch as the central draft tube a extends through the fount the oil therein is kept cool by the air passing through said tube, so that the formation and accumulation of gas Within the fount, which usually occasions the explosion of ICIS lamps burning a volatile liquid, is not to be feared.

In order to insure a steady iiow of air through the tube a, I arrange a wire fabric or a 'finelyperforated screen-plate fu at the lower flaring entrance thereof.

The base ring or sleeve A, shown in the drawings in the form of a metallic shell, has a circular seat for the gallery G, which is detachably secured to said base-ringAby means of binding-screws :r x, while the support for the incandescible mantle M is connected with said gallery, so that the latter, together with the chimney C and mantle, may be bodily removed from the lamp when this becomes necessary for trimming the wicks or for any other purpose, thereby lessening the liability of the fragile mantle M being broken.

The gallery G is constructed with two airchambers, a main air-supply chamber e and an auxiliary air-supply chamber Z, surrounding the upper conical or cap portion n of chamber c, the latter having air-inlet ports 7a2 and communicating with chamberl through suitable ports 7a4, while chamber Z is likewise provided with air-inlet ports 7e' Z. The chamber e is furthermore provided with radiallyarranged air-passages m in the plane of the upper end of the wick-tube a2, the cap or conical portion of chamber e, into which said radial passages open, extending the required distance above the upper end of said wick and central draft-tubes. In the upper end of the central draft-tube a is arranged a smaller tube d, whose upper end is flush with the outlet of the cap or conical upper portion n of the main air-supply chamber e, and at said upper end of tube CZ the walls thereof are made flaring both inwardly and outwardly to somewhat contract the outlet for said tube, this being effected by means of a ring h, fitted in the outlet of said tube d, the inner Walls of which ring are curved inwardly and the outer walls outwardly, as more clearly shown in Fig. 7, thereby increasing the velocity of the air flowing therefrom and forming deflectingsurfaces, and axially within tube CZ is a mushroom or concavo-convex flame-delector f, the.

upper end of the stem of which is enlarged at fforming arcuate deiecting-surfaces with the concave under face of the flame-spreader that deflect the air flowing out of tube d in a downward direction. The distribution or deflection of the air from tube d may be made more extensive by forming passages o in the iamespreader and securing thereto an auxiliary concavo-convex spreader p, with their convex surfaces in contact.

In order to provide for a uniform flow of air through chamber e and avoid flickering of the flame, I arrange within said chamber, above its inlet-ports 7a2 7c3, a wire screen or perforated plate r', as shown.

The mantle M is supported, as usual, from a rod s2, the lower end of which is constructed in the form of a rack-bar, as shown at s, engaged by a pinion s', secured to a suitable stem, by means of which said pinion can be revolved to move the support up or down, said rack-bar portion of rod s2 being held and guided in a suitable grooved rail r.

- A lamp constructed as described embodies, as will readilybe seen, the essential requirements hereinbefore set forth, for the production of the heat necessary to bring an incan descible mantle, such as is usually used in incandescent-gas illumination, to a uniform state of incandescence, and whereby an illuminating-burner may be converted into a heating or Bunsen burner, and vice versa, by reason of the provision made for the admixture of air with the gasified fuel in the required proportions and under the most elficient temperatures, and by reason of the provision made for the most intimate admixture of the air with such gasified fuel at the point most suitable to result in a substantially perfeet combustion and without sensibly interfering with the flow of air or with the flow of the mixture of air and fuel gases. The cold air-zl e. air of normal temperature-ascending through the central draft-tube a takes up heat first from the oil-fount b and next from the tube itself and the wiclctube, whereby the temperature of such air is raised considerably above normal temperature. Before the stream or column of air issues from the upper end of the central draft-tube it is divided into two cencentric streams, which di* vision would undoubtedly affect its velocity of flow, but this I avoid by contracting the outlet of said draft-tube, which may be done in various ways, either by means of a contracting or obstructing ring t' (more plainly shown in Figs. 3 and G) or by means of such a ring and a conical sleeve t', Figs. 2, 4, and 5. The stream of air owing around tube d, in contact with the inner surfaces of the upper or projecting end of the wick, is met as it issues from the central draft-tube by a plurality of radially inflowing streams of air iiowing through the tubes m, which air encounters at the same time the air flowing out of chamber c. The temperature of the air {iowing through the tubes fm is also raised above normal by radiated heat as well as by the heat of the air in chamber Z', which iiows around tubes m and around the outside of the incandescible body or mantle M, between it and the chimney C, as shown by arrows, while the air flowing through chamber e is also preheated. The radially-owing air-currents impinging upon the vertically-flowing air-currents produce cddies or whirls in the plane of the upper end of the wick-namely, in the zone of combustion in which the airpassages m are located-thus resulting in an almost thorough admixture of the hot air with the gasifled fuel, and this admixture is made still more thorough by the liame and air spreader f, whereby the central stream of hot air iiowing through tube d is deflected downwardly toward the wick, or in opposition to the upwardly-flowing mixture of gases and IOO IIO

air, the impact of the two streams resulting in a counter eddy or swirl, whereby the fluids are further and more intimately mixed, or whereby a portion of this central stream of air may be diverted to a point above the spreader f and there spread and directed into the dame by the spreader and deiiector plate p. The iiame thus obtained is not an illuminating but a heating or blue iame, such as is obtained with a Bunsen gas-burner, and is spread out, so as to impinge with considerable force upon the Whole of the inner surface of the incandescible body M, so that every part thereof is brought to a state of incaudescence under the same conditions, resulting, therefore, in a uniforim lluminating efficiency. Furthermore, the heated air ascending along the outer surface of the incandescible body also tends to promote combustion and at the same time has a tendency to prevent radiation of heat from the incandescible body, so that there is practically no waste of heat, substantially the whole of such heat being utilized in the heating to incandescence of the said incandescible body.

The admixture of air with the gasitied fuel may be made more thorough by subdividing the body of air iiowing through tube d by connecting the spreader-deflector f with the said tube by a wire fabric or perforated plate fr, Fig. 3, or by chambering the spreader and covering the lateral open ends of the chamber with a wire `fabric r, as shown in Fig. 2, or by providing the tube itself with perforations, as shown at fr, Fig. 4, or by seating the spreader in the outlet of tube d and perforating the walls thereof, as shown in Fig. 5. In the constructions shown in Figs. 2 and t the chamber c in the spreader will serve as a heater for the air.

irrespective of the high velocity of flow of air necessary to the intimate admixtu re thereof with the gasiiied fuel, it is also essential that means should be provided whereby the volume of gases can be regulated in accordance with the space inclosed by the incandesc-ible body M, and this I attain by making said body adjustable toward and from its supporting cone end or cap n of chamber ein gallery G, as it is obvious that by so adjusting the body the area inclosed thereby is enlarged or contracted, as may be required.

inasmuch as the gallery G is removably connected with its supporting ring or sleeve A, which is of usual construction, thesaid gallery can be removed and one of ordinary construction substituted when the lamp is not to be used as an incandescent lamp.

Having thus described my invention, what l claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The combination with the central draft- Y der side, of the concavo-convex auxiliary de-` lectorp, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. l

3. The combination with a central-draft Iwick-burner and means for dividing the body of air issuing from the central draft-passage and diverting a portion thereof laterally across the upper end, and another portion downwardly toward said burner; of a gallery provided with a conical cap of greater diameter than and projecting above the burner, said gallery provided with air-inlet ports below its cap and with radial air-passages opening into said cap ynear the upper open end thereof, for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination with a central-draft Wick-burner, and means for dividingthe body of air` issuing from the central draft-passage anddiverting one portion laterally across the upper end and another portion downwardly toward said burner; of a gallery provided with air-inlet ports and with a conical cap of greater diameter than and projecting above the burner, an open-top air-chamber provided with air-inlet ports surrounding said cap and communicating with the gallery, and radial air-passages extending through said open-top air-chamber and leading to the aforesaid cap, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof l aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ARTHUR DUFFEK.

Witnesses HARRY BELMONT, KARL HTTER. 

